The Importance of Distinguishing What is Considered to be Scientific Knowledge

In order for something to be considered scientific knowledge, you must be able to replicate the experiments and get the same results under the same conditions anywhere in the world. There are many cases when scientists make bold claims like the octopus came to earth from outer space on an asteroid. There are also many cases when people claim science for pseudo-scientific studies such as the four personality types which are based on the five widely-accepted personality traits. This knowledge is based on fiction and the assumption that humans fall into categories of personality types. Be careful when studying science as there are many examples of claims to science that are not considered to be scientific knowledge. As another example, the fields of western psychology and psychiatry are currently experiencing "The Replication Crisis" as of the year 2020. Scientists are currently figuring out that they cannot replicate the results to the experiments used in psychology and psychiatric medicine. 

More examples of currently accepted beliefs in science that are not considered to be scientific knowledge:

• The Theory of Evolution is a hypothesis.
  
• The Big Bang Theory is a hypothesis.
• The supercontinent of Pangea is a hypothesis.
• The radiometric dating of rocks is disputed by polystrate fossils.

 

When studying science, you must be careful to distinguish what is considered to be scientific knowledge from that which is not.

© 2021 Hazon, Nir

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Viewing Our Education in the Context of Western Knowledge

We can notice flaws within the beliefs of our public education as well as in the very foundations of the knowledge presented to us by viewing our education in the context of western knowledge. As a classic example, neither Christopher Columbus nor Amerigo Vespucci discovered America. The flaw of the belief of western knowledge that they did discover America is that people were already living in America and therefore others had knowledge of the continent prior to these explorers. Many people are also uneducated about the distinction between western psychology and eastern psychology which is otherwise known as Buddhist psychology. In general, the perspectives of the people who lived outside of the western world are often ignored in our education. We can see that this is true for Native Americans, Native Pacific Islanders, and Native Australians for examples.

To improve our understanding of our knowledge, we must view our education in the context of western knowledge.

© 2021 Hazon, Nir

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The Power of Inference

Inference is using observation and background to reach a logical conclusion. We can gain additional knowledge without it being given to us explicitly using inference. For example, if we see cookie crumbs on someone's shirt, then we can infer that they recently ate cookies. We can also use the power of inference to gain a deeper understanding of other people, events, or beliefs. For example, if someone says something, we can begin to think of why they would say what they said. We can observe the tone of voice, the language, and combine it with our background knowledge of a person to infer the causes to why that person would say what they said. We can also use inference to investigate mysterious scenarios further by trying to figure out things such as the possibilities of what could have taken place using deduction as a tool to infer conclusions.

 

Throughout our daily life, we can find inference to be a powerful skill for the comprehension of situations and for reaching additional conclusions based on the information presented to us.

What can you infer about a person based on what they said?

© 2021 Hazon, Nir

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To Entertain A Thought Without Accepting It

When we hold on to personal biases or a predetermined rejection of other beliefs or viewpoints that disagree with our own, we don't get to see the full picture. To improve our overall understanding of a subject at hand, we must know to consider an opposing viewpoint and to look for what is true or what can be true. We don't have to accept those things that we do not know to be true, but we can consider the other ideas or perspectives presented to us by a different viewpoint in order to enhance our perspective of the larger picture which can in many cases result in the development of new ideas and even in finding new solutions to the problem at hand that haven't been considered or mentioned yet. By acquiring the ability to entertain a thought without necessarily accepting it, we can obtain additional information that we can then use to infer other things such as the causes for why such ideas and perspectives would arise, for example.

"It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it." -Aristotle

(Aristotle, Greek philosopher)

 

© 2021 Hazon, Nir

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Our Vocabulary Affects Our Emotions

We can formulate our language to form sentences based on the feelings attached to the words that we use in the sentence. Our choice of vocabulary is important for forming a sentence in such a way as to convey the feelings we want to give off in our desired message. One way to generate more positivity within yourself is to make changes to the words you use in your vocabulary. For example, if you replace the word "stupid" with "dumb" then you can convey the same meaning with a much less negative emotion attached to the word. The word "dumb" has a less harsh connotation and is less demeaning than the word "stupid." We can be selective of our language to construct more precise arguments as well as to express ourselves in the most beneficial way possible.

If you want to alleviate tensions in a conversation, you can formulate your speech by thinking about the language you will use and noticing how it feels prior to speaking.

We can also replace negative words in our vocabulary with the negation of the antonym. For example, you can say something is "not good" instead of using the word "bad" to avoid the negative feelings associated with the word "bad" and point the listener to the opposite of the negative term. We can utilize our vocabulary in many ways for a positive benefit.

Vocabulary is Important

   

© 2021 Hazon, Nir

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The Theory of Evolution Cannot be True and This is Why

I would like to begin by saying that I received an A in my evolutionary biology class and that I have a solid foundation for my understanding of the theory of evolution. In college, we are taught that "all the evidence that we have collected in the last 100 years since Charles Darwin has agreed with this theory." I would like to point your attention to several examples where this statement is not true. It should be worrisome to professionals in the field of biology that the following examples of knowledge are being overlooked and kept outside of our education and textbooks.

 

I also quote Charles Darwin at the end of this article, who predicted that if the following examples are true, then it would present great difficulty to his theory in his original publication of "On the Origin of Species" the 1st edition in 1859. We obtained this evidence in the 1950's and yet the science community continues to overlook it and is reluctant to adjust to new accepted beliefs in science.

"Not all four corners of the world have been explored yet." -Charles Darwin

The Polynesian Migration

The Polynesian Migration is a great example of the major gap in the theory of evolution: The theory of migration of the same species to different corners of the world. I will present to you several examples of how migration of the same species to different corners of the world doesn't make sense in this article.  

To answer the question of how humans got to the Pacific Islands, scientists came up with the theory of the Polynesian Migration. This theory claims that ancient people crossed thousands of miles into the Pacific Ocean on low-tech canoes with their livestock like dogs, pigs, and chickens in lucky migrations to islands that appear like needles in a haystack with no navigation tools and only knowledge of the stars. Others believe that the ancient Polynesians explored 16 million square miles of ocean. The Native Hawaiians didn't have any maps for archeological evidence and the only map that is claimed to be found is Tupaia's map, which is a highly contested archeological item. Does this sound believable?

Tupaia's Map

That's not all. The proponents of this theory also believe that the Polynesian rat was accidentally introduced into every single island in Hawaii.

The Polynesian Rat

Even if we are to believe that the Native Hawaiians brought the Polynesian rat with them thousands of miles across the ocean in canoes by accident and then accidentally introduced them into every single island in Hawaii, then we still have to consider the Native Hawaiian snail species. The snail, whose current estimation of origination dates back to 500 million years ago (which recently was dated back to 85 million years ago), would have had to have taken a migration path of land, sea, or air to migrate to the Hawaiian islands which were never connected by land to any of the megacontinents that formed in the past history of the timeline of earth known as Pangea, Gondwana, and Rodinia. Since snails don't fly, the snail would have also had to have traveled on the canoes with the Native Hawaiians during their currently believed migration to the Hawaiian islands, and then it would have had to evolve into all the Native Hawaiian snail species.

 

    

When it comes to the migration of the native species in Hawaii, you must always give consideration to all the endemic species that are unique to the Hawaiian islands.

This theory states that the Native Hawaiians migrated to the Hawaiian Islands from the Marquesas Islands. These islands are 2,000 miles apart across the Pacific Ocean. 

Polynesian natives had no knowledge of this migration or any knowledge of long-distance voyaging on canoes. However, in the 1970's, scientists built the Native Hawaiians a performance-accurate canoe designed for long-distance voyaging with modern engineering named the Hokule'a which claims successful voyages across the Pacific Ocean as well as some desperate rescue situations. Is there anything fishy about this?

The Hōkūleʻa

The Evolutionary Biology textbook I had for college tries to cover up knowledge of the Polynesian Migration by using the Hawaiian Islands to wrongly assume the opposing argument.

In the Evolutionary Biology Textbook

If we would naturally answer that elephants couldn't get to the Hawaiian Islands as the textbook states, then wouldn't we naturally answer that humans and their livestock couldn't get there either for the exact same reason?

The Migration of Humans to the Americas through Beringia

How did humans migrate to populate the Americas? Some scientists believe that no more than a few thousand people crossed the land bridge that existed from Siberia to Alaska during the last ice age when the sea levels dropped, but they really have no idea because they found evidence of human life in South America dating back to 20,000 years ago.

The Beringia Land Bridge

Is the migration of humans to the Americas through Beringia a believable story? Did every other species that we see in the Americas as well as in Asia also migrate to the Americas through this land bridge that existed during the last ice age?

How did the monkey get to America?

Scientists currently believe that the common ancestor of the American monkeys made it across the ocean to the Americas "probably on floating mats of vegetation." Is this a sound argument?

One may wrongly assume that we have the same species in the Americas as in Asia because all the landmasses on the earth once formed a supercontinent called Pangea, but Pangea broke up 175 million years ago and the common ancestor of the monkey lived around 21 million years ago.

The Supercontinent Pangea

The shape of the earth 21 million years ago, when the common ancestor of the monkey existed, more closely resembles the shape of the world today as the landmasses were already separated by vast oceans which existed as massive geological barriers for migration of land species.

The earth (21 million years ago)

Is this story of the common ancestor of the monkey floating across the ocean on mats of vegetation believable?

How Did Any of the Species of the Same Origin Get to America?

The internet lacks much information on how species of the same genus migrated to the Americas from the other continents. For example, a google search of "How did the alligator make it to America?" yields no answers.

What Charles Darwin said about this in "On the Origin of Species"

Charles Darwin made a strong point on the importance of the idea that all species originated from a single source for the theory of evolution to hold water. He states that because of "vast geographical and climatal changes which have supervened since ancient times" that "almost any migration is possible." However, they did not have the geological knowledge that we have today back in the 1800's and at that time there were parts of the world that haven't been explored yet.

 

I have presented to you several examples of where there is great difficulty in understanding the migrations of the same species to different corners of the world, where it would be logically impossible to have occurred, and I've shed light on the lack of knowledge presented to us concerning this matter.

 

Make sure to also read:

 The Correct Theory is Intelligent Design

 

For additional reading on the debunking of the theory of evolution:

• The Whale is an Enigma to the Understanding of Evolution
  
• DNA Mutations in Microbes Are Not Evidence of Evolution

© 2021 Hazon, Nir

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